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MAIN TOPICS OUTLINE3.1 BASIC CHEMISTRY (inorganic chemistry fundamentals)
3.11 Matter and Elements
3.12 Atoms, Ions, and Isotopes
3.13 Chemical Properties of Elements
3.14 Molecules
3.15 Chemical Reactions
3.16 Chemical Bonds
LECTURE OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THIS LECTURE, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
1. Explain the difference between an element and an atom.
2. Explain the difference between an atom and an ion.
3. Name and describe the subatomic particles of an atom, indicating which one accounts for the occurrence of isotopes.
4. Describe and discuss the energy levels (electron shells) of an atom, including the orbitals of the first two levels.
5. Draw a simplified atomic structure of any atom with an atomic number up to 20.
6. Name and describe the most common bonds in biological molecules.
7. Draw representative atomic structures for ionic and covalent molecules, and distinguish between ionic and covalent bonds.
8. Define selected key terms.
QUIZ
1. Draw an atom with at least two shells and label the following parts: (electron(s), neutron(s), proton(s)
• 2. Fill in the blanks:
Everything in the universe is either _________________________ or _________________________ . Anything that has
weight (mass) and takes up space (volume), i.e., you can potentially touch it, is made of __________________________.
Matter is made of __________________________________, of which there are 92 naturally occurring.
• 3. Give the chemical shorthand for the listed elements:
a. Oxygen: _______, b. Helium: _______, c. Hydrogen: _______, d. Sodium: _______, e. Potassium: _______, f. Chlorine: _______,
g. Chlorine: _______, h. Carbon: _______, i. Magnesium: _________, j. Silver: _________, k. Gold: _________, l. Lead: _______.
• 4. Number of electrons in an atom of oxygen: _____, f. Number of electrons in an atom of hydrogen: _____.
• 5. a. The outermost shell of an atom is called the ____________________________ shell. b. Number of electrons in
the valence shell of the noble gas Helium: _____, b. Number of electrons in the valence shell of the noble gas Neon: _____,
c. Number of electrons in the valence shell of sodium: _____, d. Number of electrons in the valence shell of chlorine: _____,
e. Number of electrons in the valence shell of oxygen: _____, f. Number of electrons in the valence shell of nitrogen: _____.
• 6. By definition the atomic number is the number of ______________________________ in an atom.
• 7. Name three chemical bonds, state how the bonds are held together, and state if the bonds are weak or strong:
a. ____________________________ b. _____________________________ c. _____________________________
____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________
____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________
• 8. a. Subatomic particle with a negative charge: _________________________, b. subatomic particle with a positive
charge: _________________________, c. subatomic particle without a charge: __________________________.
• 9. Name and give the chemical shorthand for the four most common elements in the human body:
a. _________________ ___, b. _________________ ___, c. _________________ ___, d. _________________ ___.
• 10. Name the following two trace elements: (I) _______________________, (Fe) ____________________________
KEY TERMS
See separate page link on the learning tools page.
TRY THIS QUESTION:
The smallest unit of matter that is unique to (displays the properties of) a particular element.
a. Element
b. Molecule
c. Subatomic particle
d. Atom
e. Cell
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