IMPORTANT ORGANIC MOLECULES
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• I. Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars)

-- Building blocks: One carbon ring

 Six carbon atoms -- HEXOSES
 GLUCOSE
GALACTOSE
FRUCTOSE
Five carbon atoms -- PENTOSES
RIBOSE
DEOXYRIBOSE


Disaccharides

-- Building blocks: Glucose & one other Monosaccharide

SUCROSE table sugar (Glucose + Fructose)
LACTOSE milk sugar (Glucose + Galactose)
MALTOSE malt sugar (Glucose + Glucose)



Polysaccharides

-- Building blocks: Glucose.

GLYCOGEN
STARCH
CELLULOSE




• II. Lipids

Triglycerides

-- Building blocks: Three Fatty Acids + Glycerol
Phospholipids

-- Building blocks: Two Fatty Acids + Glycerol + Phosphate group
Steroids

-- Building blocks: Four Carbon rings
Waxes



• III. Proteins

-- Building blocks: Amino Acids
Structural Proteins

Regulatory Proteins



• IV. Nucleic Acids

-- Building blocks: Nucleotides
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

RNA Ribonucleic Acid

Web page layout, design, intellectual property, © Jan A. Nilsson, 2004, 2005. Page created 28.VIII.2004, modified for non-printing 16.III.2005.